A Study Of Lewins Model Management Essay

A Study Of Lewins Model Management Essay In the refreezing stage the company stabilized changes by establishing systems that can establish behavioural pattern in the organisation. A new performance appraisal system based on behaviour and results was introduced to encourage customer service. (Goodstein., D., L. & Burke, W., W., 1991) 14 It is not easy for an organisation change its structure and business processes since any change may lead to some level of resistance by the employees. One of the main causes for resistance is the fear of the unknown and loss of what is familiar. There are four reasons of resistance from employee to organisational change including 1) Parochial self-interest, 2) Misunderstanding and lack of trust, 3) Contradictory assessments, and 4) Low tolerance for change. (Buchanan D. & Huczynski A., 2004) BA tried to change behaviour by changing the management style from authoritative to participative. BA wished employees participate more in management decision but since this was unfamiliar employers woul d fall back to the old patterns. 15 A tactic that was used in BA to manage resistance to change was the HR policy which included training guidelines. Such an HR policy is important in making the employees understand and react positively to change. There is also an example where resistance to change hindered the organisations goals and objectives. In an attempt to cut down cost can compete with low cost airlines BA tried implementing a new payment system and also hiring workers for lower salaries. This created insecurity among the employees which ended in a strike that cost the company in millions in 2000. Therefore handling resistance and the HR aspects of the company is vital to a successful change process. 15 REFERENCES 16 Wilson, C.D., (1992), A Strategy of Change, Thomas Learning, London 16 British Airways, 2006, Leaders For Business: What are we looking for?, http://www.britishairwaysjobs.com/baweb1/?newms=info196 (22 December 2006) British Airways, 2006, Our Recruitment Proces s: The Assessment Process, http://www.britishairwaysjobs.com/baweb1/?newms=info48 (22 December 2006) 16 Paton, R.A. & McCalman, J. (2008) Change Management 2nd ed. Sage Publications, London 16 Cellars, T. (2007), Change Management Models: A Look at McKinsey’s 7-S Model, Lewin’s Change Management Model and Kotter’s Eight Step Change Model, Associated Content, [Online], http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/237685/change_management_models_a_look_at_pg5_pg5.html?cat=3, accessed on 30 November 2009 16 Green, M. (2007), Change Management Masterclass, Kogan Page Limited, Philadelphia 16 Syque. (2007). Lewin’s freeze phases. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Changing Minds 16 12Manage. (2007, April 9). 7-S framework (mckinsey). Retrieved April 12, 2007, from 12Manage Web site: http://www.12manage.com/methods_7S.html 16 Chapman, A. (2006). Change management. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Business Balls Web site: http://www.businessballs.com/changemanagement.htm 16 Mind Tools. (2007). Lewin’s change management model: Understanding the three stages of change. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Mind Tools Web site: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm 16 Morgan, O. (n.d.). Organization management part 1. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Oliver Morgan Web site: http://www.omorgan.info/download/Part%20I/organisation_management_Part_I.pdf 16 Recklies, D. (2007). The 7-s-model. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Recklies Management Web site: http://www.themanager.org/Models/7S%20Model.htm 16 Johnson G and Scholes k (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall, 6th ed. 17

Communist Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communist Revolution - Essay Example It can be stated that a series of political upheavals took place in China between 1911 and 1949. These activities significantly helped to establish the People’s Republic of China. These activities were guided by Communist party Rule. Guomindang is the political party established in the year 1911. The major objective of this political party was to gain supreme political power. This political party governed China under the guidance of Chiang Kai Shek from 1928 to 1949. After this the Communist party took power. Subsequently since 1949, the Communist Party was the authorized party which ruled Taiwan. The Guomindang faced several problems at the initial stages of revolution. Problem of authority restoring of the Central government and growing activities of communist movement affected Guomindang. After 1930, Jiang introduced a series of attack. It helped to encircle the individuals of Communist party. This attack led to a specific attempt by Chu Teh to explore the movement and acti vities. Chu Teh was the army commander of Communist Party at that point of time. The communist Party initiated a Long March from the South East China to North West China. The duration of this movement was one year. This Long March resulted from October 1934 to October 1935. In the year 1935, almost 100,000 marched through the army of KMT in South Jiangxi. This troop trekked near about 6,000 miles through a specific roundabout route. Finally, this troop succeeded to reach to Shaanxi’s North West Province. Due to this Long March the number of armies of Communist party was reduced to 8,000. During this Long March a power resist developed between Jiang Guo and Mao Zedong. This unfavorable conflict between the two led to split of the force eventually. Mao’s revolution group finally based themselves in Yanan. This establishment remained throughout the revolution and in war with the Japanese. It formed a critical uneasy alliance with the group of nationalists. The major motiv e of this war is to expel the intruders. In the year 1936, the government of Japan offered a secret demand to the Chiang Kai Shek’s government. This proposal was disguised as the pitch for the war between the communists. The Chiang Kai Shek’s government’s acceptance would have meant the domination of Japan over the Chinese. The results of this war were dramatic. The Communist party controlled almost 19 base areas (Zarrow, 2005). There was a population of 100 million under these base areas. Most importantly, this Communist party himself had the population of one million. Therefore, Communist party was ready to test their strength with the KMT. The Japanese surrendered under United States after atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki incident in the year 1945 during the Second World War. General George Marshall was sent to President Mr. Harry Truman as a special diplomat to China in the year 1945. The major responsibility or task of General George Marshall was to mediate an agreement between the KMT and Communist Party. At that point of time, the government of United States helped Chiang by providing air fighting troop to the Northern China. Officially this plan was successfully executed as the Japanese were regimented to surrender to the American Troops or KMT. This activity favored Chiang. Finally, the war broke out in the year 1946. It renewed the civil war against the group of Nationalists in the year 1946. During the Second W

Features of Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Features of Efficient Market Hypothesis - Essay Example As a result one cannot earn returns over and above the average return of the market provided that the information is available when invested. The following are the underlying assumptions of efficient market hypothesis. The ‘weak form’ of the efficient market hypothesis identifies prices of tradable assets like stocks, property and bonds etc, which reflect all information that was available to the public in the past. In other words, say for example, the past prices of stock A is reflected in its current stock price. The ‘strong form’ of the efficient market hypothesis is the strongest form of efficiency of financial markets. It is of the view that information, public or private in nature, is reflected through the stock prices, in the market. Thus even insider information cannot put the investor in an advantageous position (Fama, 1970, p.383). As already discussed the efficient market hypothesis makes the assertion that asset prices reflect all the information available in the market. Now we shall explain as to why it is not able to adequately explain asset pricing with respect to debt and equity. The efficient market hypothesis is the right platform to start when one is thinking of asset price formation. However evidences have suggested that it has been unable to explain some features of market behaviour. The market prices at times are subjected to misalignments which can exist for a prolonged period of time (Fama, 1991, p.8). The random walk model is one of the versions of efficient market.